https://jashow.org/articles/who-are-the-nations-in-ezekiel-38-2/
Gog is noted 11 times in Ezekiel 38-39 as the leader of the invasion. Gog appears to be an individual rather than a group or nation. Nine other names are mentioned.
The following nations and/or groups are listed:
1. Magog: According to first-century Jewish historian Josephus, the land of Magog was inhabited by the Scythians. The Scythians lived throughout Central Asia, indicating its identity is associated with nations today such as Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Some also include Afghanistan in this group.
2. Rosh: Rosh is the remote part of the north (38:6, 15; 39:2). Because of this, most interpreters identify Magog as Russia, at least part of Russia, or perhaps Russia and some of the former Soviet nations connected with it.
3. Meshek (or Meshech) and Tubal: Noted together in this passage, this area is located in part of modern-day Turkey.
4. Persia: This is the land of modern Iran.
5. Cush (or Ethiopia): This land, often translated as Ethiopia, is not the same as modern Ethiopia. It represented the land south of Egypt. Today, this nation is Sudan.
6. Put: Also translated in some versions as Libya, this land is still known as Libya today.
7. Gomer: Part of modern Turkey.
8. Beth Togarmah: Part of modern Turkey.
Wrap Up on Who Are the Nations in Ezekiel 38
As can be seen, these are all nations surrounding Israel, many of which hold strong feelings against Israel today. Though we do not know when the events of Ezekiel 38 will take place, we can identify the locations today. At some future time, God will draw these nations against Israel where Scripture predicts they will be supernaturally defeated by the Lord.
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